For nine years, from the first bombing of the World Trade Center on February 26, 1993, to its second attack on September 11, 2001, the United States encountered ten major terrorist attacks on the US mainland and the United States' interests overseas. These attacks have resulted in the total death of 6101 and injuries to 19,735 people.

The blame game and political mudslinging from the Republican and Democratic parties have not produced any positive results to address the problems of terrorism. On the other hand, the crisis highlighted the years of a dysfunctional relationship within the Intelligence Community, which the United States Congress revisited through its fact-finding commission, ultimately leading to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

The establishment of DHS was a public policy statement by the United States government to counter threats to national security. It was the proactive approach of the Bush Administration to its domestic policy on terrorism. DHS carries out all the federal government's terrorism activities and programs.

The DHS was the result of a policy choice by elected officials, and their policy output led to the creation of the Department. On the other hand, the policy impact was the effect of both the policy choice and policy output, which was to protect the homeland against terrorist attacks from both domestic and transnational groups. The process of establishing DHS went through six stages in the public policy process, and these are: Agenda Setting, Policy Formulation, Decision Making, Implementation, and Evaluation.

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