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| (US Customs and Border Protection, from Wikimedia Commons) |
After
President Bush had signed the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the H.R. 5005
became Public Law no. 107-296. After the policy formulation has transpired, the
policy implementation came next. Peters said, “ Once a piece of legislation or
a regulation has been accepted as a legitimate public law, in some ways the
easiest portion of the policymaking process has already transpired, for
government must then put the legislation into effect.” The effect of the
legislation established the DHS, which created the newest and second largest
executive department second to the size of Department of Defense. The policy of
the government on anti-terrorism has now been implemented through the DHS.
The
DHS is consists of four line directorates, which are the Border and
Transportation Security (BTS), Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR),
Science and Technology (ST), and the Information Analysis and Infrastructure
Protection (IAIP). The US Secret Service and the US Coast Guard remained intact and report directly to the DHS
while the INS Adjudications and Benefits Program reports directly to the Deputy
Secretary.
The BTS is composed of the US
Customs Service (Treasury), The Immigration and Naturalization Service (part)
(Justice), The Federal Protective Service, Transportation Security
Administration (Transportation), Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
(Treasury), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (part)Agriculture), and
the Office for Domestic Preparedness (Justice).
The
EPR is comprised of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Strategic
National Stockpile and the National Disaster Medical System (HHS), Nuclear
Incident Response Team (Energy), Domestic Emergency Support Teams (Justice) and
the National Domestic Preparedness Office (FBI).
The
ST directorate includes the CBRN Countermeasures Programs (Energy),
Environmental Measurements Laboratory (Energy), National BW Defense Analysis
Center (Defense), and the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (Agriculture).
Lastly,
the IAIP was formed from Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office (Commerce),
Federal Computer Incident Response Center (GSA), National Communications System
(Defense), National Infrastructure Protection Center (FBI) and the Energy
Security and Assurance Program (Energy).
